Italy bans couples from travelling abroad for surrogacy

Italy bans couples from travelling abroad for surrogacy

Italy has made it illegal for couples to go abroad to have a baby through surrogacy.

The move extends a ban on the practice inside the country to also include those who seek it out in places where it is legal, like the US or Canada. Those who break the law could face up to two years in prison and fines of up to €1m (£835,710).

The law, proposed by the Italy’s far-right governing party, is seen by critics to target LGBT couples – who are not allowed to adopt or use IVF in the country.

Surrogacy is when a woman carries a pregnancy for another couple or individual, usually due to fertility issues or because they are men in a same-sex relationship.

More: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62rmv63069o

New Article: Giulio Fedele, From Fedotova v. Russia with Love: Unpacking the Right to Same-Sex Unions Under the ECHR

New Article: Giulio Fedele, From Fedotova v. Russia with Love: Unpacking the
Right to Same-Sex Unions Under the ECHR


Giulio Fedele, From Fedotova v. Russia with Love: Unpacking the
Right to Same-Sex Unions Under the ECHR
(doi: 10.12829/114379)
Diritti umani e diritto internazionale (ISSN 1971-7105)
Fascicolo 2, maggio-agosto 2024

See: https://www.rivisteweb.it/issn/1971-7105/issue/9552

Germany: Federal High Court decides sperm donor must consent to adoption even if he declared he wanted to remain anonymous

BGH: Samenspender in Adoptionsverfahren beteiligen

  • Heute, 15:29h 2 Min.


Tafel des Bundesgerichtshofs (Bild: Gerd Eichmann / wikipedia)

In einem Adoptionsverfahren muss dem leiblichen Vater auch dann eine Beteiligung ermöglicht werden, wenn er den Angaben zufolge als Samenspender anonym bleiben möchte. Davon gibt es nach einer Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs (BGH) zwar Ausnahmen. Bloße Erklärungen der Kindesmutter und ihrer Ehefrau, dass der ihnen bekannte private Samenspender mit der Adoption einverstanden sei und keinen Wert auf eine Beteiligung am Adoptionsverfahren lege, reichten jedoch nicht (Az. XII ZB 147/24).

Das Familiengericht, das über die Adoption entscheiden muss, habe einen Samenspender auch dann zu benachrichtigen, wenn entsprechende Textnachrichten vorliegen, deren Authentizität nicht überprüfbar ist. Im konkreten Fall aus Niedersachsen ging es dem Beschluss zufolge um “Lichtbilder einer – nicht fälschungssicheren – WhatsApp-Kommunikation”. Das Amtsgericht Bersenbrück hatte den Adoptionsantrag zurückgewiesen, das Oberlandesgericht Oldenburg Beschwerden dagegen verworfen.

Der BGH bestätigte dies nun. Der zwölfte Zivilsenat in Karlsruhe verwies dabei unter anderem auf das grundrechtlich geschützte Interesse des möglichen leiblichen Vaters, die Rechtsstellung als Vater des Kindes einnehmen zu können. Erst im April dieses Jahres habe das Bundes­verfassungs­gericht betont, dass leiblichen Vätern ein effektives Verfahren zur Verfügung stehen muss, das ihnen die Erlangung der rechtlichen Vaterschaft ermöglicht.

Die Partnerin der Mutter hatte dem Beschluss zufolge angegeben, der Samenspender habe sich zwar bereit erklärt, das Kind zu treffen und mit diesem Kontakt zu haben, wenn dies das irgendwann wünsche. Er wolle aber derzeit nicht aktiv am Leben des Kindes teilhaben. Die beiden Frauen hätten vermeiden wollen, dass der leibliche Vater später dazu nicht mehr bereit sei, wenn sie seinen Namen gegen den Willen preisgeben. Da ohne diesen Schritt der Mann aber nicht über das Verfahren informiert werden konnte, hat das Oberlandesgericht laut dem BGH zurecht angenommen, dass die Adoption nicht ausgesprochen werden darf. (dpa)

CJEU: Meta must “minimise” use of personal data (e.g. sexual orientation) for ads

CJEU: Meta must “minimise” use of personal data (e.g.sexual orientation) for ads

In today’s ruling in C-446/21 (Schrems v. Meta), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has fully backed a lawsuit brought against Meta, over its Facebook service. The Court decided on two questions: First, massively limiting the use of personal data for online advertisements. Secondly, limiting the use of publicly available personal data to the originally intended purposes for publication.

See: https://noyb.eu/en/cjeu-meta-must-minimise-use-personal-data-ads

Georgia signs bill protecting family values, minors from LGBT and homosexual influences

Georgia signs bill protecting family values, minors from LGBT and homosexual influences

Speaker of the Republic of Georgia’s parliament Shalva Papuashvili announced on Thursday that he signed into law a bill aimed at protecting family values and minors from LGBT and homosexual influences, according to local media.

The legislation stated that Georgia recognizes family values of the union of a man and a woman, which are strengthened by the constitutional agreement of the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia and the State of Georgia. While the legislation said that there are foreign legislations that recognize and allow the marriage of same-sex individuals, it stated that these practices ignore the best interests of minors and would be incompatible with the Code of Children’s Rights and several other legal acts aimed at defending children. 

The law defined marriage as the union of one genetic man and woman and prohibited medical intervention in sex change operations. It also disallowed official documents from not stating the genetic sex of the identity holder and criminalized gatherings that aimed to promote homosexual marriage.

While the European Commission for Democracy through Law acknowledged that Georgia’s decision to limit marriage to a man and a woman was aligned with Article 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the commission said that there was no “justification for barring [] transsexuals from enjoying the right to marry under all circumstances.” The commission also noted that bans on sex change surgeries violate Article 8 of the ECHR, which allows for the right to respect for private and family life.

In September, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced visa restrictions on 60 Georgians after the Georgian Legislature approved the bill. The 60 Georgians include senior government figures who Blinken said were “responsible for, or complicit in, undermining democracy in Georgia.” Georgia’s Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze said that the country may revise its ties with the US if the US imposes more sanctions on Georgian officials.

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Georgia president refuses to sign anti-LGBTQ+ bill

Georgia president refuses to sign anti-LGBTQ+ bill

Georgian President Salome Zourabichvili refused to sign a highly controversial ‘Family Values and the Protection of Minors‘ bill on Wednesday passed by the country’s parliament to significantly curtail the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals.

The bill, which passed with overwhelming parliamentary support, seeks to ban same-sex marriage, prohibit adoption by same-sex couples, restrict gender-affirming care, and limit public expressions of LGBTQ+ identity, including media portrayals and public Pride events. This reflects a broader conservative shift in Georgia’s political climate. Sponsored by the ruling Georgian Dream party, the bill is framed as protecting “traditional family values,” a slogan that has gained popularity among nationalist and pro-Russian factions within the country. The proposed restrictions closely resemble anti-LGBTQ+ legislation in Russia, which has served as a model for conservative lawmakers in Georgia.

The controversial law conflicts with Georgia’s constitution which guarantees equality and non-discrimination under Article 14, and any law that specifically targets a minority group, such as the LGBTQ+ community, could face challenges in court. In addition, Georgia is a signatory to several international human rights treaties, including the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Under Article 14 of the ECHR, discrimination based on sexual orientation is prohibited, creating a legal conflict between the proposed domestic law and Georgia’s international commitments.

Critics of the bill contend that the instrument will contribute to the further marginalization of the LGBTQ+ community, possibly inciting violence against its members, who are already vulnerable in Georgia. Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union (EU) for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, stated on X (formerly Twitter) that the bill will “increase discrimination and stigmatisation.”

If enacted, the bill could also have broader legal implications for Georgia’s aspirations to join the EU, which has made it clear that respect for human rights, including LGBTQ+ rights, is a prerequisite for membership. By passing legislation that contradicts these principles, Georgia risks stalling or even jeopardizing its path toward EU integration.

To oppose the controversial bill, President Zourabichvili, whose role is largely ceremonial, refused signature, opening up a legal debate about the future of LGBTQ+ rights in Georgia. Although Georgia’s constitution allows President Zourabichvili to send the bill back to parliament for reconsideration, it is expected that the legislative body will ultimately override her decision, given its strong majority in favor of the bill.

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Belarus transgender rights organization says authorities detained over 15 LGBTQ+ individuals

Belarus transgender rights organization says authorities detained over 15 LGBTQ+ individuals

Belarus transgender rights organization TG House Belarus said on Friday that more than 15 LGBTQ+ individuals, including eight transgender individuals, were detained by the Belarusian authorities in the past month.

According to TG House Belarus, the individuals were arrested in several Belarusian cities for allegedly subscribing to extremist resources. TG House Belarus stated that most of the eight transgender individuals were charged for hooliganism and two individuals were charged for pornography. The organization also stated that the detainees were subjected to physical and psychological abuse and some were forced to flee the country.

On February 19, Prosecutor General of Belarus Andrei Shved announced that the Belarus government had been preparing a bill that would punish the promotion of what they deemed to be non-traditional relationships. He stated that it was important to not allow the discussion of the topic and that opponents were attempting to destroy traditional family values and, by extension, Belarus as a nation.

Relatedly, on August 5, the Council of the EU announced that existing sanctions would extend to 28 new individuals for participating in “ongoing internal repression and human rights violations in Belarus.” The 28 individuals, who were listed in a regulation on July 16, included Belarusian government officials, operators of correctional institutions, and members of the state-run media.

EU sanctions against Belarus were initially drafted in response to elections in 2020. The sanctions have been expanded and extended due to alleged ongoing human rights violations and violence against peaceful protesters. The EU stated that the purpose of the sanctions was to “put pressure on Belarusian political leadership to prevent further violence and repression.”

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