Category Archives: Allgemein

Tunisia intensifies crackdown on LGBTI individuals: Amnesty International

Tunisia intensifies crackdown on LGBTI individuals: Amnesty International

Amnesty International denounced Tunisian authorities’ increased arrests of LGBTI individuals on Thursday. The organization reported that at least 84 individuals, mostly gay men and transgender women, have been arrested since September 2024.

The wave of arrests began after a homophobic and transphobic online campaign gained traction. Many individuals involved in the campaign were supporters of Tunisian President Kais Said. President Said has historically supported the criminalization of homosexuality.

The majority of arrests were based on Article 230 of Tunisia’s Penal Code, which criminalizes “sodomy and lesbianism.” Additionally, Article 226 of the Penal Code prohibits acts that are “against good morals or public morality.” Tunisian authorities have deemed displays of non-conforming gender identity to fall under these provisions.

Arrestees have been subjected to mistreatment while in custody. Men accused of participating in same-sex relations must undergo anal examinations to test for evidence of penetration. Amnesty International considers these forced examinations to be a form of torture. According to the UN Convention Against Torture, “torture” means any official act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person to obtain information from him or for a reason based on discrimination.

Amnesty International reported that LGBTI activists have also been subject to arrest in Tunisia. Mira Ben Salah, who is a part of the LGBTI activist group Damj Association for Justice and Equality, stated that she has been repeatedly harassed by authorities due to her work. Ben Salah has filed complaints with the Public Prosecutor at the country’s Court of First Instance but told Amnesty International that the investigation has not progressed.

Amnesty International has consistently monitored the human rights situation in Tunisia. The organization’s Secretary General reported an alarming rollback of human rights protections after a visit to Tunisia in July 2024. Amnesty International now calls for Tunisian authorities to immediately release arrested LGBTI individuals.

Even though there are no international conventions with a view to eliminating discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender, the UN considers Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the source of state obligations to respect the human rights of LGBTI persons.

Relatedly in January 2024, Human Rights Watch called on Meta to protect LGBTQ+ people by preventing Middle Eastern countries’ security forces, including Tunisia, from using their data to prosecute sexual minorities.

The post Tunisia intensifies crackdown on LGBTI individuals: Amnesty International appeared first on JURIST – News.

ECtHR: Judgment Klimova and Others v. Russia (State action for “promoting homosexuality among minors” violates freedom of expression)

ECtHR: Judgment Klimova and Others v. Russia (nos. 33421/16, 8156/20, 32416/20, 39855/20, 10497/21, 33277/21, and 46226/21) (State action for “promoting homosexuality among minors” violates freedom of expression)


The applicants are six Russian nationals who were born on various dates between 1973 and 2000. They are the owner of a website and administrators of websites or social networking groups and communities, such as http://www.gay.ru, one of the oldest and largest LGBTI websites in Russia, and an online project “Children-404. LGBT teenagers” (Дети-404. ЛГБТ-подростки). The websites and VKontakte a social networking platform communities and groups owned or administered by the applicants sought to encourage tolerance and acceptance of LGBTI people, to give support to troubled LGBTI teenagers, to provide information on, and a forum for discussion of, LGBTI-related topics or to provide a space where LGBTI people could meet to find friends or romantic partners.
The case concerns the applicants’ convictions for an administrative offence and/or the blocking of access to their websites or webpages on social networking sites for “promoting homosexuality among minors”. Legislation introduced in Russia from 2003 to 2013 made the “promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships” among minors an offence punishable by a fine (see Bayev and Others v. Russia, applications nos. 67667/09, 44092/12 and 56717/12). The Russian courts notably found that the applicants’ publications on the Internet were harmful for children.


Relying on Article 10 (freedom of expression), the applicants complain that the legislative ban on promoting homosexuality among minors as applied in their specific cases breached their freedom of expression. One of the applicants, Yuliya Vladimirovna Tsvetkova (no. 39855/20), also complains that the security services collected user data from VKontakte related to her personal social networking account and to the social networking commuity administered by her. She relies on Article 8 (right to
respect for private and family life).


Violation of Article 8 in application no. 39855/20
Violation of Article 10 in applications nos. 33421/16, 8156/20, 32416/20, 10497/21, 33277/21, and 46226/21

Just satisfaction: For the details of the amounts awarded to the applicants for non-pecuniary damage, as well as for costs and expenses, please see the operative part the judgment

More: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-241568

ECtHR : Judgment Bazhenov and Others v. Russia (nos. 8825/22 and 19130/22) (failure of the national authorities to respond adequately to homophobia-driven incidents)

ECtHR : Judgment Bazhenov and Others v. Russia (nos. 8825/22 and 19130/22) (failure of the national authorities to respond adequately to homophobia-driven incidents)


The applicants, Yevgeniy Bazhenov, Aleksandr Semkin and Artem Lapov, are three Russian nationals who were born in 1985, 1984 and 1988 respectively. They are homosexuals and are in same-sex marriages registered outside Russia. The first two applicants are a couple and live in Moscow. The third applicant and his husband left Russia in 2022, and are currently residing in a European country as refugees.
The case concerns disclosure of the applicants’ personal data, including information about their sexual orientation, on social networks, and the alleged failure of the national authorities to respond adequately to those homophobia-driven incidents.
Relying on Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) taken alone and in conjunction with Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) of the Convention, the applicants complain that the national authorities failed to do their duty to ensure effective respect for their private lives and protect them from discrimination. They also complain under Article 13 that they had no effective domestic remedy at their disposal for their Convention complaints.

Violation of Article 14 taken in conjunction with Article 8
Just satisfaction: non-pecuniary damage: EUR 7,000

More: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-241571

Interesting article on gender identity and the law in Austria

Interesting article on gender identity and the law in Austria

Greif, Elisabeth: Prekäre Identitäten: Die Rechte von Trans* und Inter* Personen vor österreichischen Höchstgerichten, VerfBlog, 2025/1/30, https://verfassungsblog.de/trans-inter-personen-osterreich/, DOI: 10.59704/a56c7008a7d19226.

Read it for free here: https://verfassungsblog.de/trans-inter-personen-osterreich/

Registration is open for SOGI Law Summer School 2025

Registration is open for SOGI Law Summer School 2025

We are excited to announce the return of the hashtag#SexualOrientation and hashtag#GenderIdentity in hashtag#internationallaw (hashtag#SOGILaw) summer school between 21-25 July this year, with the tremendous support of Prof. Andreas R. Ziegler as its new academic coordinator. Having a background in law, economics, and politics, Prof. Ziegler is the President of the Swiss Society of International Law as well as a Full Professor at the University of Lausanne who was the leading force behind the publication of the hashtag#OxfordHandbookonLGBTILaw 2025 (hashtag#SOGIESC)

We also take this opportunity to express our deep appreciation to Prof. Kees Waaldijk, who founded the hashtag#SOGILawSummerSchool and led it for six successful editions, bringing together over 200 participants from all continents, and speakers from many countries. Despite stepping down from the coordinator position, he remains an integral part of the program as co-author of the Leiden Overview on SOGIESC in International Law and an honored speaker for hashtag#SOGILaw2025, all while fulfilling his role as professor of comparative sexual orientation law at the hashtag#GrotiusCentre.

Curious about what this year’s edition has to offer?

Visit our website and register now: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/education/study-programmes/summer-schools/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-in-international-law-human-rights-and-beyond

Switzerland starts process to legalise egg donation

Switzerland starts process to legalise egg donation

On Thursday, the Swiss government presented the broad outlines for legalising the practice. Currently, married couples can access sperm donation in Switzerland, but not egg donation. In 2021, Parliament had instructed the governing Federal Council to present a proposal to allow egg donation as well. + Get the most important news from Switzerland in your inbox For the Federal Council, both married and unmarried couples should have access to sperm and egg donation. “The current restriction to married couples is outdated and no longer corresponds to social reality,” it wrote in a press release. The draft revision of the law on medically assisted reproduction is also expected to incorporate other changes, including a relaxation of the maximum number of embryos that can be developed per treatment cycle in the case of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The draft is due to be put out to consultation by the end of 2026. Adapted from French by DeepL/ac How we work This news story has been …

More: https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/life-aging/egg-donation-should-be-allowed-in-switzerland/88801610?

USA: Trump administration rescinds sweeping federal funding freeze after court challenge (Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing)

USA: Trump administration rescinds sweeping federal funding freeze after court challenge (Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing)

The Administration of US President Donald Trump on Wednesday rescinded a directive to freeze funding across federal agencies just one day after announcing the sweeping measure, which had left agencies and beneficiaries scrambling to determine its impact.

Tuesday’s directive mandated a temporary pause on all federal financial assistance disbursements and obligations, including grants and loans, while agencies reviewed their programs for alignment with new Trump administration priorities. During this pause, agencies were required to halt new funding programs, stop disbursements under existing programs, and pause activities related to open funding opportunities, though certain legally mandated actions could continue with OMB approval.

The order was issued by way of a memo from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), an executive-branch office responsible for managing the presidential budget and oversight of agency spending. In the memo, OMB Acting Director Matthew Vaeth criticized federal spending under the previous Democratic administration of Joe Biden as the “use of Federal resources to advance Marxist equity, transgenderism, and green new deal social engineering policies” and as a “waste of taxpayer dollars that does not improve the day-to-day lives of those we serve.”

But the directive lacked specificity that would help agencies and beneficiaries understand which programs might be eligible for exceptions, fueling anxiety about the breadth and scope of the order, including fears that programs critical for providing food and resources to the nation’s most vulnerable populations would suffer as a consequence of the order.

The order was supposed to take effect on Tuesday evening, Eastern US time, but a federal district judge granted an administrative stay, pausing the freeze for several days. The stay was granted in response to a lawsuit filed by the National Council of Nonprofits, which said in a statement: “This reckless action by the administration would be catastrophic for nonprofit organizations and the people and communities they serve. … From pausing research on cures for childhood cancer to halting housing and food assistance, shuttering domestic violence and homeless shelters, and closing suicide hotlines, the impact of even a short pause in funding could be devastating and cost lives. This order must be halted immediately before such avoidable harm is done.” The judge said the administrative stay would block the OMB from enforcing the directive pending arguments to take place next week.

Confusion continued to mount in the meantime, with questions about the freeze dominating a White House press briefing on Wednesday. During the briefing, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said repeatedly that the order would not affect direct beneficiaries of federal programs, but was less clear on indirect individual beneficiaries, such as seniors benefiting from federally funded nutrition programs organized by third-parties. She maintained more information was coming.

Shortly thereafter, reports emerged that the OMB had released a brief memo rescinding its directive from Tuesday. Leavitt took to X (formerly Twitter) to confirm that the OMB memo had been rescinded because of the court order. She added the caveat, however, that Trump’s various executive orders on federal funding “remain in full force and effect, and will be rigorously implemented.” The executive orders named in the OMB memo included the following:

  • Protecting the American People Against Invasion (Jan. 20, 2025), which revoked several Biden-era immigration policies while directing federal agencies to prioritize deportations, establish nationwide Homeland Security Task Forces, expand detention facilities, encourage state-local immigration enforcement partnerships, and review funding to NGOs that assist undocumented immigrants;
  • Reevaluating and Realigning United States Foreign Aid (Jan. 20, 2025), which imposed a 90-day pause on US foreign development assistance disbursements while agencies review all foreign aid programs for alignment with the Trump administration’s foreign policy objectives, with the Secretary of State empowered to grant waivers and approve resumption of funding for programs that pass review;
  • Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements (Jan. 20, 2025), which directed the US’ immediate withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change and all related UN climate accords, revokes the US International Climate Finance Plan, and requires federal agencies to prioritize economic efficiency and American prosperity over climate commitments in international energy agreements;
  • Unleashing American Energy (Jan. 20, 2025), which mandated a comprehensive review and rollback of climate-related policies, including revoking multiple Biden-era executive orders, pausing Inflation Reduction Act funding disbursements, disbanding the interagency working group on carbon costs, expediting energy permits, restarting LNG export reviews, and directing agencies to prioritize domestic energy production and mineral development while removing restrictions on consumer choice in vehicles and appliances;
  • Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing (Jan. 20, 2025), which mandated the termination of all federal Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) and Environmental Justice programs and positions, required agencies to document all such programs and contractors since January 2021, and established monthly meetings to monitor the elimination of these initiatives across the federal government;
  • Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government (Jan. 20, 2025), which defined sex as binary and biological, mandated federal agencies to use only these definitions, required identification documents to reflect biological sex rather than gender identity, prohibited federal funding related to “gender ideology,” directed changes to prison housing policies based on biological sex, and rescinded multiple Biden-era policies and guidance documents related to gender identity protections; and
  • Enforcing the Hyde Amendment (Jan. 24, 2025). which revoked two Biden-era orders related to abortion access and directed the OMB to issue guidance ensuring federal funding complies with the Hyde Amendment’s restrictions on using federal funds for elective abortions.

The post Trump administration rescinds sweeping federal funding freeze after court challenge appeared first on JURIST – News.

USA: Trump restricts access to gender-affirming treatment for transgender youth

USA: Trump restricts access to gender-affirming treatment for transgender youth

US President Donald Trump issued an executive order on Tuesday directing federal agencies to restrict access to gender-affirming medical care for transgender youth under age 19 and block federal funding for such treatments.

The order requires federal health programs to exclude coverage for gender-affirming surgeries and hormone treatments for minors beginning in 2026. Key provisions include directing the Department of Health and Human Services to review and rescind its 2022 guidance on gender-affirming care; requiring medical institutions receiving federal research grants to halt providing these treatments to minors; instructing the Justice Department to prioritize investigations into potential consumer fraud related to long-term effects of these treatments; and calling for new protections for employees wishing to report on noncompliance by their colleagues.

The order also directs HHS to conduct a literature review on treatment options for transgender minors — which it refers to as “children who assert gender dysphoria, rapid-onset gender dysphoria, or other identity-based confusion” — within 90 days and tasks the Justice Department with working with Congress on legislation to create a private right of action for affected individuals.

Implementation timelines vary by agency, with initial progress reports due within 60 days.

The executive order comes amid an ongoing national debate over transgender rights and healthcare access. According to the Human Rights Campaign, transgender Americans face significant barriers to healthcare, with 22% lacking health insurance coverage and 29% reporting being denied care by medical providers due to their gender identity. Transgender youth in particular face heightened challenges – research indicates that many identify across a broad spectrum of gender identities, and have historically struggled to access appropriate medical care and support services. While public support for transgender rights grew from 25% to 62% between 2014 and 2019, transgender Americans continue to face disproportionate rates of poverty, discrimination in housing and employment, and difficulty obtaining accurate identity documents that match their gender identity.

The issues of gender-affirming care and treatment options for transgender youth featured prominently in the 2024 election season, with Trump-aligned Republicans largely disavowing the necessity of such care.

The post Trump restricts access to gender-affirming treatment for transgender youth appeared first on JURIST – News.

Woman who refuses sex is not ‘at fault’ in divorce in France, ECHR rules

Woman who refuses sex is not ‘at fault’ in divorce in France, ECHR rules

European court of human rights (ECHR) sides with French woman whose husband obtained divorce on grounds she was only person at fault

See: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/23/woman-refuses-sex-not-at-fault-divorce-france-rules-top-eu-court

See: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng/#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-240199%22]}

https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press#{%22languageisocode%22:[%22ENG%22],%22itemid%22:[%22003-8140380-11404324%22],%22display%22:[2]}

Interesting Article: Clara Wellhäußer, Queer im Gefängnis – Warum der binäre Trennungsgrundsatz im Strafvollzug verfassungswidrig ist

Interesting Article: Clara Wellhäußer, Queer im Gefängnis – Warum der binäre Trennungsgrundsatz im Strafvollzug verfassungswidrig ist

SUGGESTED CITATION  Wellhäußer, Clara: Queer im Gefängnis: Warum der binäre Trennungsgrundsatz im Strafvollzug verfassungswidrig ist, VerfBlog, 2025/1/28, https://verfassungsblog.de/queer-im-gefangnis/, DOI: 10.59704/5954977d197c6893.

Read for free: https://verfassungsblog.de/queer-im-gefangnis/